Effective Solid Phase Extraction of Toxic Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids from Honey with Reusable Organosilyl-Sulfonated Halloysite Nanotubes

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are plant secondary metabolites that have recently attracted attention as toxic contaminants in various foods and feeds they often harvested by accident. Furthermore, prove themselves hard to analyze due their wide structural range low concentration levels. However, even concentrations show behavior the form of chronic liver diseases possible carcinogenicity. Since sample preparation for this compound group is need more green sustainable alternatives, modified halloysite nanotubes present an interesting approach. Based on successful use sulfonated inexpensive, easy-to-produce cation exchangers solid phase extraction our last work, study deals with further modification raw performance pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Conducting already published syntheses two organosilyl-sulfonated nanotubes, namely HNT-PhSO3H HNT-MPTMS-SO3H, both materials were used novel extraction. After optimization protocol, extractions aqueous alkaloid mixtures showed promising results recoveries ranging from 78.3% 101.3%. Therefore, spiked honey samples extracted adjusted protocol. The mercaptopropyl-sulfonated revealed satisfying loading efficiencies recoveries. Validation was then performed, which displayed acceptable presented method. In addition, reusability studies using HNT-MPTMS-SO3H mixture demonstrated excellent over six cycles no trend recovery reduction or material depletion. display a green, efficient low-cost alternative polymeric support complex matrix.